全文获取类型
收费全文 | 31510篇 |
免费 | 1836篇 |
国内免费 | 3155篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1880篇 |
大气科学 | 3889篇 |
地球物理 | 6493篇 |
地质学 | 15206篇 |
海洋学 | 2033篇 |
天文学 | 2009篇 |
综合类 | 2830篇 |
自然地理 | 2161篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 26篇 |
2023年 | 151篇 |
2022年 | 385篇 |
2021年 | 482篇 |
2020年 | 360篇 |
2019年 | 452篇 |
2018年 | 5155篇 |
2017年 | 4375篇 |
2016年 | 2982篇 |
2015年 | 640篇 |
2014年 | 574篇 |
2013年 | 474篇 |
2012年 | 1481篇 |
2011年 | 3189篇 |
2010年 | 2469篇 |
2009年 | 2703篇 |
2008年 | 2288篇 |
2007年 | 2683篇 |
2006年 | 426篇 |
2005年 | 485篇 |
2004年 | 616篇 |
2003年 | 628篇 |
2002年 | 477篇 |
2001年 | 271篇 |
2000年 | 301篇 |
1999年 | 315篇 |
1998年 | 292篇 |
1997年 | 256篇 |
1996年 | 260篇 |
1995年 | 243篇 |
1994年 | 204篇 |
1993年 | 186篇 |
1992年 | 136篇 |
1991年 | 89篇 |
1990年 | 70篇 |
1989年 | 79篇 |
1988年 | 66篇 |
1987年 | 57篇 |
1986年 | 34篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 18篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1981年 | 28篇 |
1980年 | 26篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1958年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Hui-Rong Ji Qi-Jun Pu Yi-Hua Yan Yu-Ying Liu Zhi-Jun Chen Cheng-Ming Tan Cong-Ling Cheng De-Bang Lao Shu-Ke Li Zhi-Qiang Wang Min-Hong Yu Jian-Nong Liu Li-Kang Zhang Ji-Yong Gao National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Hebei Semiconductor Research Institute Shijiazhuang 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2005,5(4):433-441
An improved Solar Radio Spectrometer working at 1.10-2.06 GHz with much improved spectral and temporal resolution, has been accomplished by the National Astronomical Observatories and Hebei Semiconductor Research Institute, based on an old spectrometer at 1-2 GHz. The new spectrometer has a spectral resolution of 4 MHz and a temporal resolution of 5ms, with an instantaneous detectable range from 0.02 to 10 times of the quiet Sun flux. It can measure both left and right circular polarization with an accuracy of 10% in degree of polarization. Some results of preliminary observations that could not be recorded by the old spectrometer at 1-2 GHz are presented. 相似文献
72.
Method for evaluating the degrees of land use sustainability of mountainous county and its application in Yunnan Province,China 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
The evaluation of sustainable land use is the key issue in the field of studying the sustainable land utilization. In general analysis, the sustainable land use is evaluated respectively from its ecological sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability in China and other countries in recent years. Although this evaluation is an important work, it seems insufficient and hard to comprehensively reflect the whole degree of land use sustainability. Thus, to make up this deficiency, this paper brings forward the evaluation indexes, which make it possible to quantitatively reflect the whole degree of land use sustainability, namely, the concept of "degrees of overall land use sustainability" (Dos), and research and measurement development of the method of and calculation in Dos. Taking the evaluation of the degree of land use sustainability in county regions of Yunnan Province as the actual example for analysis, results are basically as follows:
1) The degree of land use sustainability (Dos) is the ration index to organically and systematically integrate the degree of ecological friendliness (DeF), the degree of economic viability (Dev) and the degree of social acceptability (Dsa), able to comprehensively reflect the whole sustainability degree of regional land use
2) Based on the value of Dos, the grading system and standard for the sustainability of land use may be established and totally divided into five grades, namely, the high-degree sustainability, middle-degree sustainability, low-degree sustainability, conditional sustainability and non-sustainability. Meanwhile, the standard for distinguishing sustainability grades has also been confirmed so as to determine the nature of sustainability degrees in different grades. This makes the possibility for the combination of nature determination with ration in research result and provides with the scientific guideline and decision-making gist for better implementation of sustainable land use strategy.
3) The pract 相似文献
1) The degree of land use sustainability (Dos) is the ration index to organically and systematically integrate the degree of ecological friendliness (DeF), the degree of economic viability (Dev) and the degree of social acceptability (Dsa), able to comprehensively reflect the whole sustainability degree of regional land use
2) Based on the value of Dos, the grading system and standard for the sustainability of land use may be established and totally divided into five grades, namely, the high-degree sustainability, middle-degree sustainability, low-degree sustainability, conditional sustainability and non-sustainability. Meanwhile, the standard for distinguishing sustainability grades has also been confirmed so as to determine the nature of sustainability degrees in different grades. This makes the possibility for the combination of nature determination with ration in research result and provides with the scientific guideline and decision-making gist for better implementation of sustainable land use strategy.
3) The pract 相似文献
73.
CATASTROPHIC ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN THE SONGNEN PLAIN, NORTHEASTERN CHINA SINCE 1900S 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
WANGHai-xia WANZhong-juan YUShao-peng LUOXin-zheng SUNGuang-you 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2004,14(2):179-185
Although the Songnen Plain in the northeastern China was developed relatively late in the temperate zone of the world, its eco-environment has changed greatly. This paper analyzes the changes of land cover and the rates and trends ofdesertification during the past 100 years in the Songnen Plain. According to the macroscopic analysis, we find that the eco-environment in the plain has reached to the threshold of catastrophic change since the 1950s. The Thorn Needle Catastrophic Model was used to determine and validate this conclusion. Human activities, including large-scale construction projects, such as huge dams and dikes, and excessive grazing were the primary factors contributing to regional eco-environmental catastrophe. And irrational reclamation of the wilderness also affected the eco-environmental change. The results reveal the complex human-land interactions. 相似文献
74.
Olac Fuentes 《Experimental Astronomy》2001,12(1):21-31
In this article we show how machine learning methods can beeffectively applied to the problem of automatically predictingstellar atmospheric parameters from spectral information, a veryimportant problem in stellar astronomy. We apply feedforwardneural networks, Kohonen's self-organizing maps andlocally-weighted regression to predict the stellar atmosphericparameters effective temperature, surface gravity and metallicityfrom spectral indices. Our experimental results show that thethree methods are capable of predicting the parameters with verygood accuracy. Locally weighted regression gives slightly betterresults than the other methods using the original dataset asinput, while self-organizing maps outperform the other methods when significant amounts of noise are added. We also implemented a heterogeneous ensemble of predictors, combining the results given by the three algorithms. This ensemble yields better results than any of the three algorithms alone, using both the original and the noisy data. 相似文献
75.
以N_(263)浸渍在DA_(201)大孔吸附树脂上制得了N_(263)浸渍树脂,测定了静态时树脂Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附容量。通过柱层析法,试验了酸度,流速和干扰离子等因素对N_(263)浸渍树脂吸附和洗脱Pb的影响。建立了N_(263)浸渍树脂分离─富集后衔接原子吸收和比色法测定Pb(Ⅱ)的方法,测定了地质样品中Pb(Ⅱ),测试结果理想。 相似文献
76.
Ken Ebisawa Aya Kubota Tsunefumi Mizuno Piotr Życki 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2001,276(1):11-14
The Ultra-luminous Compact X-ray Sources (ULXs)in nearby spiral galaxies and the Galactic super-luminaljet sources sharethe common spectral characteristic that they haveextremely high disk temperatures which cannot be explainedin the framework of the standard accretion disk modelin the Schwarzschild metric. We have calculated an extreme Kerr disk model to examine if the Kerr disk model can instead explain the observed `too hot' accretion disk spectra.We found that the Kerr disk spectrum becomes significantly hardercompared to the Schwarzschild disk only when the disk is highlyinclined.For super-luminal jet sources, which are known to beinclined systems, the Kerr disk model may thuswork if we choose proper values for the black hole angular momentum. For the ULXs, however, the Kerr disk interpretation will be problematic,as is is highly unlikely that their accretion disks are preferentiallyinclined. 相似文献
77.
在20℃、4℃、-10℃、-20℃四种温度下贮藏马面卵巢,对其中磷脂含量的变化进行了测定,并利用薄层层析分析测定了不同温度下贮存3d后马面卵巢中磷脂各组分的相对百分比。结果表明马面卵巢中磷脂的损失率随贮藏温度的上升而增加;在不同温度下贮藏3d,磷脂各组分的相对百分比都发生了变化;随贮藏温度的升高磷脂酰胆碱的降解速度大大加快,所占的百分比快速下降,而溶血磷脂酰胆碱的比例有不同程度的增加。相对而言,-20℃下贮藏数天,磷脂的含量及组分的变化较小。 相似文献
78.
Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay, China——Ⅳ:Study on cross-bay transect from estuary to ocean 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The authors analyzed the data collected in the Ecological Station Jiaozhou Bay from May 1991 to November 1994, including 12
seasonal investigations, to determine the characteristics, dynamic cycles and variation trends of the silicate in the bay.
The results indicated that the rivers around Jiaozhou Bay provided abundant supply of silicate to the bay. The silicate concentration
there depended on river flow variation. The horizontal variation of silicate concentration on the transect showed that the
silicate concentration decreased with distance from shorelines. The vertical variation of it showed that silicate sank and
deposited on the sea bottom by phytoplankton uptake and death, and zooplankton excretion. In this way, silicon would endlessly
be transferred from terrestrial sources to the sea bottom. The silicon took up by phytoplankton and by other biogeochemical
processes led to insufficient silicon supply for phytoplankton growth. In this paper, a 2D dynamic model of river flow versus
silicate concentration was established by which silicate concentrations of 0.028–0.062 μmol/L in seawater was yielded by inputting
certain seasonal unit river flows (m3/s), or in other words, the silicate supply rate; and when the unit river flow was set to zero, meaning no river input, the
silicate concentrations were between 0.05–0.69 μmol/L in the bay. In terms of the silicate supply rate, Jiaozhou Bay was divided
into three parts. The division shows a given river flow could generate several different silicon levels in corresponding regions,
so as to the silicon-limitation levels to the phytoplankton in these regions. Another dynamic model of river flow versus primary
production was set up by which the phytoplankton primary production of 5.21–15.55 (mgC/m2·d)/(m3/s) were obtained in our case at unit river flow values via silicate concentration or primary production conversion rate.
Similarly, the values of primary production of 121.98–195.33 (mgC/m2·d) were achieved at zero unit river flow condition. A primary production conversion rate reflects the sensitivity to silicon
depletion so as to different phytoplankton primary production and silicon requirements by different phytoplankton assemblages
in different marine areas. In addition, the authors differentiated two equations (Eqs. 1 and 2) in the models to obtain the
river flow variation that determines the silicate concentration variation, and in turn, the variation of primary production.
These results proved further that nutrient silicon is a limiting factor for phytoplankton growth.
This study was funded by NSFC (No. 40036010), and the Director's Fund of the Beihai Sea Monitoring Center, the State Oceanic
Administration. 相似文献
79.
80.
运输系统的区域效应研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运输系统改进—运距缩短—产业布局调整这一空间过程对不同的区域可能具有完全不同的意义。本文通过对一个两区域—两部门经济模型的研究得出结论:当较落后的资源产区与经济中心之间的距离由于运输系统的改进而缩短时,资源产区的经济结构向单一化转变,初级产品的生产和输出在经济建设中逐渐占主导地位,加工工业逐渐萎缩,地方经济发展受到阻碍,而且这种变化是在距离的某一特定值处突然出现的,带有跃变的性质。这一研究结果表明,对区域运输系统的任何改进措施都应该慎而行之,以免造成与本来目标相悖的区域效应。 相似文献